The Potential of Electric Vehicles as a Low-Emission Transportation Alternative: A Comparative Analysis with Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles and Its Relevance to Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67795/jesai.v1i1.7Keywords:
Electric vehicles, carbon emissions, energy efficiency, internal combustion engine vehicles, low-emission transportationAbstract
The transportation sector is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global climate change. Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been widely developed as a low-emission transportation alternative; however, their effectiveness compared with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles still requires further study. This study aims to analyze the comparison of carbon emissions between EVs and ICE vehicles, identify the relationship between vehicle technical characteristics and carbon emissions, and examine the implications of the research findings for the development of EV adoption in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach by utilizing secondary data from 3,548 vehicles, consisting of 848 EVs and 2,700 ICE vehicles. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Independent Sample T-Test, and Pearson correlation. The results show that EVs have an average carbon emission of 105.65 g/mile, which is much lower than that of ICE vehicles, at 335.79 g/mile. The results of the Independent Sample T-Test show that EVs produce significantly lower carbon emissions than ICE vehicles. The correlation analysis shows that energy efficiency (Miles Per Gallon/MPG) is the variable that has the strongest relationship with carbon emissions, whereas vehicle weight and engine power show relatively weak relationships with carbon emissions. The analysis of transportation development in Indonesia shows that EV sales continued to increase during the period from 2020 to 2024; however, energy consumption in the transportation sector is still dominated by oil fuel with a proportion of more than 99%. These findings show that EVs have better potential to support carbon emission reduction, although the transition toward a low-emission transportation system is still progressing gradually and requires support through policies, infrastructure, and the development of cleaner energy.
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