The Effect Of Coconut Shell Bio-Oil On The Marshall Characteristics Of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (Ac-Wc) Mixtures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67795/jesai.v1i1.9Keywords:
Asphalt Concrete , Wearing Course, Bio-oil, Coconut Shel, Marshall TestAbstract
The rapid development of road infrastructure has led to a high national dependency on petroleum asphalt, much of which is still imported, thereby necessitating the development of more sustainable alternative materials. Concurrently, the abundant agricultural waste of coconut shells in Indonesia remains underutilized and frequently causes environmental issues. This study aims to determine the technical characteristics of bio-oil derived from coconut shell pyrolysis, analyze the effect of bio-oil percentage variations on the Marshall parameters of Asphalt Concrete - Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixtures, and determine the optimum bio-oil content based on the General Specifications of Bina Marga 2018 Revision 2. This research employed a quantitative approach utilizing a true experimental laboratory design. The bio-oil production was conducted through a pyrolysis process at a temperature range of 400–500°C in a controlled laboratory environment. The investigation began with testing the physical properties of aggregates and penetration 60/70 asphalt to determine the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC). Once the OAC was established, Marshall test specimens were fabricated by partially substituting the bitumen with coconut shell bio-oil at varied percentages of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of the binder. Marshall testing was subsequently executed to evaluate the stability, flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), VIM, VMA, and VFA across all mixture variants. The results indicated that the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) was achieved at 6.18%. The substitution of coconut shell bio-oil proved capable of acting as a plasticizer, significantly enhancing the workability of the asphalt mixture. Overall, bio-oil substitution variations up to 15% met all required technical specifications. However, incorporating 20% bio-oil resulted in a VIM value of 5.42%, exceeding the maximum specification limit. The most optimum substitution rate was established at the 10% variation, yielding the highest peak stability of 977,96kg, making it technically feasible as an eco-friendly alternative binder for flexible pavements.
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